Canada's oil sand deposits contain the world’s second largest oil resource, after Saudi Arabia. Surface mining can extract around 20% of the oil and currently covers about 342 square miles in the province of Alberta, roughly two-thirds the size of the city of Los Angeles. In their natural state, oil sands are loose particles that are a combination of clay, sand and water saturated with bitumen. Processing of this material fundamentally separates oil-bearing bitumen from the sand itself, and can also be referred to as bituminous sands.
(double click on picture to open in new window)
Oil sand is trucked to a crushing station
(Photo is copyright and courtesy of The Pembina Institute)
Oil sands can be mined and processed to extract petroleum. Unlike the traditional oil industry process where wells are drilled and oil is pumped to the surface, the recovery of bitumen requires extracting the base raw material from the ground using strip and pit mining techniques.
Oil sands recovery processes include extraction and separation systems to separate the bitumen from the clay, sand and water that make up the tar sands. Bitumen also requires additional upgrading before it can be refined. Because it is so viscous, it also requires dilution with lighter hydrocarbons to make it transportable by pipelines.
It may be more analogous to compare the oil sands process to the extraction and shipment of coal or iron ore for shipment to steel mills.
Although the surface level extraction process is similar, the raw material in this case is not shipped by barge or transported by rail. Oil sands are instead mixed with warm water to create a slurry, which is then transported to processing plants via pipelines. The full process could be considered "squeezing" and broken down into four stages:
1. Conditioning - Oil sand chunks are broken apart for introduction into the slurry.
2. Separation - The slurry is fed into processing equipment, where the sand sinks to the bottom and the impure bitumen froth rises to the top.
3. Froth Treatment - The froth is treated and cleaned with specialized chemicals, prepared for transport and upgraded into synthetic crude oil.
4. Drying - Huge Rotary Dryers are used to dry moisture out of the oil and sand mixture. In the process of drying, there are dry beads created that are transported to the next stage of the process. Heyl & Patterson provides the Rotary Dryers used in this stage of the process.
Some experts believe that Alberta’s oil sands could someday prove to be the largest reserve of oil in the world. The continental United States has some large deposits of its own, located in Utah, totalling approximately 12-19 billion barrels.
(double click on picture to open in new window)
Rotary Dryer Installation by Heyl & Patterson
Processing of oil sands is complex, and the challenge is to access those reserves safely and in an environmentally conscious manner. The potential economic impact is enormous, measured in the hundreds of billions of dollars, if not trillions. There is also direct and indirect job creation, growth of support and feeder industries, as well as a reduced dependence on oil from volatile parts of the world.
The environmental issues include the concentration of heavy metals caused the by process, plus air and water contamination and the physical appearance of the mines themselves.
Heyl & Patterson has built equipment for specialized applications since 1887, and has custom engineered equipment for use in the processing of oil sands. The company's Renneburg Rotary Dryers are some of the most versatile available, and are considered the workhorses of the thermal processing industry. Able to effectively handle a broad range of materials from powder and bulk solids to liquid sludges, these dryers can be specified according to starting and final moisture content, product temperature, drying air temperature, air velocity and retention time of the material – in order to meet and exceed any specific application's requirements. Based upon a client's needs, several different cooling design options are also available, including counter-current air swept, internal and external water-cooled or a combination of air and water-cooled.
Heyl and Patterson: Oil Sands Processing
H&P Process Spotlight: Oil Sands Processing
Canada's oil sand deposits contain the world’s second largest oil resource, after Saudi Arabia. Surface mining can extract around 20% of the oil and currently covers about 342 square miles in the province of Alberta, roughly two-thirds the size of the city of Los Angeles. In their natural state, oil sands are loose particles that are a combination of clay, sand and water saturated with bitumen. Processing of this material fundamentally separates oil-bearing bitumen from the sand itself, and can also be referred to as bituminous sands.
(double click on picture to open in new window)
Oil sand is trucked to a crushing station
(Photo is copyright and courtesy of The Pembina Institute)
Oil sands can be mined and processed to extract petroleum. Unlike the traditional oil industry process where wells are drilled and oil is pumped to the surface, the recovery of bitumen requires extracting the base raw material from the ground using strip and pit mining techniques.
Oil sands recovery processes include extraction and separation systems to separate the bitumen from the clay, sand and water that make up the tar sands. Bitumen also requires additional upgrading before it can be refined. Because it is so viscous, it also requires dilution with lighter hydrocarbons to make it transportable by pipelines.
It may be more analogous to compare the oil sands process to the extraction and shipment of coal or iron ore for shipment to steel mills.
Although the surface level extraction process is similar, the raw material in this case is not shipped by barge or transported by rail. Oil sands are instead mixed with warm water to create a slurry, which is then transported to processing plants via pipelines. The full process could be considered "squeezing" and broken down into four stages:
1. Conditioning - Oil sand chunks are broken apart for introduction into the slurry.
2. Separation - The slurry is fed into processing equipment, where the sand sinks to the bottom and the impure bitumen froth rises to the top.
3. Froth Treatment - The froth is treated and cleaned with specialized chemicals, prepared for transport and upgraded into synthetic crude oil.
4. Drying - Huge Rotary Dryers are used to dry moisture out of the oil and sand mixture. In the process of drying, there are dry beads created that are transported to the next stage of the process. Heyl & Patterson provides the Rotary Dryers used in this stage of the process.
Some experts believe that Alberta’s oil sands could someday prove to be the largest reserve of oil in the world. The continental United States has some large deposits of its own, located in Utah, totalling approximately 12-19 billion barrels.
(double click on picture to open in new window)
Rotary Dryer Installation by Heyl & Patterson
Processing of oil sands is complex, and the challenge is to access those reserves safely and in an environmentally conscious manner. The potential economic impact is enormous, measured in the hundreds of billions of dollars, if not trillions. There is also direct and indirect job creation, growth of support and feeder industries, as well as a reduced dependence on oil from volatile parts of the world.
The environmental issues include the concentration of heavy metals caused the by process, plus air and water contamination and the physical appearance of the mines themselves.
Heyl & Patterson has built equipment for specialized applications since 1887, and has custom engineered equipment for use in the processing of oil sands. The company's Renneburg Rotary Dryers are some of the most versatile available, and are considered the workhorses of the thermal processing industry. Able to effectively handle a broad range of materials from powder and bulk solids to liquid sludges, these dryers can be specified according to starting and final moisture content, product temperature, drying air temperature, air velocity and retention time of the material – in order to meet and exceed any specific application's requirements. Based upon a client's needs, several different cooling design options are also available, including counter-current air swept, internal and external water-cooled or a combination of air and water-cooled.
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